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Survey and analysis of energy consumption in office buildings in Tianjin

Junlong LI, Huan ZHANG, Shijun YOU, Zhenhui XIE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 69-74 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0221-y

摘要： An energy audit of 24 office buildings was conducted in Tianjin, including basic information of buildings, building energy system and energy bills. The investigation results showed that the average intensity of energy consumption in office buildings in Tianjin accounts for 161.51 kW·h/(m ·a). By breaking the energy consumption down into detailed items, it was found that the heating system consumed the highest amount of energy (46.6%), followed by equipment (35.9%), cooling system (11%) and lighting system (6.69%). The main factors for office building energy consumption were found and some feasible measures to save energy were proposed.

关键词： office building energy consumption intensity energy consumption breakdown energy saving measures

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汽车节油迫在眉睫

胡晓春,张宝吉,蒋福康,汪燮卿

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第10期页码 10-15

摘要：

石油是关系到国家安全的重要战略资源，中国是石油资源相对缺乏的国家，节约用油、提高资源利用效率尤为重要。指出了现阶段我国汽车用油存在的问题；分析了汽车节油技术发展趋势和政策措施；提出通过政策措施倡导节约优先、效率为本的观念，重点开发和应用各种节油技术，提高油品质量，加快淘汰老旧车型，积极开发替代资源，大力发展公共交通和现代物流是现阶段我国汽车节油减排的有效途径。

关键词：汽车节油燃料经济性替代燃料新能源公共交通政策措施

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Analysis of energy saving optimization of campus buildings based on energy simulation

Dingding TONG, Jing ZHAO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 388-398 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0273-7

摘要： The energy consumption of campus buildings has specific characteristics, because of the concentrated distribution of people’s working time and locations that change in line with distinct seasonal features. The traditional energy system design and operation for campus buildings is only based on the constant room temperature, such as 25°C in summer and 18°C in winter in China, not taking into consideration the real heating or cooling load characteristics of campus buildings with different functions during the whole day and whole year, which usually results in a lot of energy waste. This paper proposes to set different set-point temperatures in different operation stages of public and residential campus buildings to reduce the heating and cooling design load for energy station and total campus energy consumption for annual operation. Taking a campus under construction in Tianjin, China as an example, two kinds of single building models were established as the typical public building and residential building models on the campus. Besides, the models were simulated at both set-point room temperature and constant room temperature respectively. The comparison of the simulation results showed that the single building energy saving method of the peak load clipping could be used for further analysis of the annual energy consumption of campus building groups. The results proved that the strategy of set-point temperature optimization could efficiently reduce the design load and energy consumption of campus building groups.

关键词： campus buildings set-point temperature energy simulation energy saving optimization

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Designs and practices of energy saving in Lhasa Railway Station

Kai CUI, Yungang PAN, Lixin SHAN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 106-116 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0011-3

摘要： The design, construction, operation and on-site measurement of Lhasa Railway Station was summarized. The problems and corresponding solutions during the implementation of building energy saving design and utilization of solar energy were proposed.

关键词： building energy saving natural ventilation solar energy radiant floor heating

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Modeling China’s energy dilemma: conflicts among energy saving, energy security, and CO 2 mitigation

Feng FU, Zheng LI, Linwei MA,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 295-300 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0104-z

摘要： This study analyzes China’s future energy scenarios stretching until 2050 under different policy portfolios of energy security (e.g., oil import dependency) and CO emissions control. Four scenarios, namely, ① business as usual, ② strong oil import dependency (OID) control, ③ strong CO emissions control, and ④ twofold emphasis on OID and CO emissions control, are designed. The results reveal the existence of conflicts among China’s multiple objectives, particularly energy saving, energy security, and CO mitigation. Based on the analysis, an improvement in China’s efficiency in fossil energy conversion and the promotion of the utilization of non-fossil energy such as nuclear, wind, and hydro energy are recommended. The over-development of coal-derived fuels should also be avoided because of incremental coal consumption and CO emissions. Furthermore, research on and development of carbon capture and storage technologies should be promoted, while the energy efficiency loss caused by integrating these technologies into energy systems should be reduced in view of the high possibility of stricter standards for CO emissions in the future.

关键词： Energy dilemma energy saving energy security CO2 mitigation

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Comparison of different energy saving lights using solar panel

Huzaifa MUBARAK,Saad Bin Abul KASHEM

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 466-472 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0417-7

摘要： The recent trend in light emitting diode or LED lighting applications and their claimed energy saving capabilities together with their overall attractiveness has us all convinced that they really are a greener alternative to the compact fluorescent lights or CFL. As convincing as it seems, the actual energy saving capabilities of LEDs are yet to be proven scientifically or at the least, on an empirical level when compared to CFLs. This paper tackles the issue with the use of a solar cell by evaluating the photovoltaic current and voltage generated by the solar cell subjected to each lighting system. Graphical representations are drawn and a conclusion is then reached based on the amount of power generation in the solar cells in order to determine the energy saving capabilities of each lighting system and its efficiency. From the result, it has been found that an LED is 3.7 times more power efficient than a CFL based light source of equal wattage.

关键词： CFL LED empirical solar lumens energy saving fluorescent

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Energy-saving operation approaches for urban rail transit systems

Ziyou GAO, Lixing YANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 139-151 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0030-7

摘要： With the accelerated urbanization in China, passenger demand has dramatically increased in large cities, and traffic congestion has become serious in recent years. Developing public urban rail transit systems is an indispensable approach to overcome these problems. However, the high energy consumption of daily operations is an emerging issue due to increased rail transit networks and passenger demands. Thus, reducing the energy consumption and operational cost by using advanced optimization methodologies is an urgent task for operation managers. This work systematically introduces energy-saving approaches for urban rail transit systems in three aspects, namely, train speed profile optimization, utilization of regenerative energy, and integrated optimization of train timetable and speed profile. Future research directions in this field are also proposed to meet increasing passenger demands and network-based urban rail transit systems.

关键词： urban rail transit energy saving speed profile optimization regenerative energy train timetable

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Energy saving design of the machining unit of hobbing machine tool with integrated optimization

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0694-2

摘要： The machining unit of hobbing machine tool accounts for a large portion of the energy consumption during the operating phase. The optimization design is a practical means of energy saving and can reduce energy consumption essentially. However, this issue has rarely been discussed in depth in previous research. A comprehensive function of energy consumption of the machining unit is built to address this problem. Surrogate models are established by using effective fitting methods. An integrated optimization model for reducing tool displacement and energy consumption is developed on the basis of the energy consumption function and surrogate models, and the parameters of the motor and structure are considered simultaneously. Results show that the energy consumption and tool displacement of the machining unit are reduced, indicating that energy saving is achieved and the machining accuracy is guaranteed. The influence of optimization variables on the objectives is analyzed to inform the design.

关键词： energy saving design energy consumption machining unit integrated optimization machine tool

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Advancement in materials for energy-saving lighting devices

Tak H. KIM, Wentai WANG, Qin LI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 13-26 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1168-y

摘要： This review provides a comprehensive account of energy efficient lighting devices, their working principles and the advancement of these materials as an underpinning to the development of technology. Particular attention has been given to solid state lighting devices and their applications since they have attracted the most interest and are the most promising. Solid state lighting devices including white light emitting diodes (LEDs), organic LEDs (OLEDs), quantum-dot LEDs (QLEDs) and carbon-dot LEDs (CLEDs) are promising energy efficient lighting sources for displays and general lighting. However there is no universal solution that will give better performance and efficiency for all types of applications. LEDs are replacing traditional lamps for both general lighting and display applications, whereas OLEDs are finding their own special applications in various areas. QLEDs and CLEDs have advantages such as high quantum yields, narrow emission spectra, tunable emission spectra and good stability over OLEDs, so applications for these devices are being extended to new types of lighting sources. There is a great deal of research on these materials and their processing technologies and the commercial viability of these technologies appears strong.

关键词： energy-saving lighting devices solid state lighting devices

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溶液聚合合成橡胶节能技术和节能型橡胶的开发

曹湘洪,张爱民

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第7期页码 59-63

摘要：

总结了燕山石化溶液聚合合成橡胶节能技术和节能型橡胶的开发情况。通过改进催化体系，提高反应速度，提高反应器的生产能力，并在聚合反应器中采用带刮刀的搅拌器，同时改进聚合、凝聚、溶剂回收的部分工艺及设备，燕山石化顺丁橡胶的能耗不断下降，达到世界先进水平。溶液聚合合成橡胶凝聚过程热泵技术的工业化，使生产每吨胶可节约1MPa的低压蒸汽0.72t。橡胶溶液直接脱挥，聚丁二烯橡胶气相聚合工艺技术开发,溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR）、中乙烯基聚丁二烯橡胶、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯橡胶（SIBR）、苯乙烯-丁二烯热塑性弹性体（SBS）等新型节能型合成橡胶的技术开发也在进行中，其中SSBR、SBS技术已经工业化。

关键词：溶液聚合合成橡胶节能节能型橡胶

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CORRECTION to: Energy-saving operation approaches for urban rail transit systems

Ziyou GAO, Lixing YANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 698-698 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0047-y

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Realization of energy-saving glass using photonic crystals

Yen-Hsiang CHEN, Li-Hung LIAO, Yu-Bin CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 178-184 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0523-9

摘要： This work successfully developed an energy-saving glass with wavelength selectivity. The glass is composed of a SiO substrate and two layers of three-dimensional photonic crystals. Each crystal is composed of identical and transparent polystyrene spheres after their self-assembling. The glass then possesses dual photonic band gaps in the near-infrared region to suppress penetration of thermal radiation. Experimental results show that the energy-saving glass decreases temperature increment in a mini-house. Moreover, the temperature after thermal equilibrium is lower than that inside a counterpart using ordinary glass.

关键词： energy-saving glass photonic crystals polystyrene spheres self-assembly

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碳达峰目标下我国节能潜力分析及对策

黄海霞,程帆,苏义脑,姚良忠,胡健祖

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第6期页码 81-91 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.009

摘要：

当前，我国是全球主要的能源消费和碳排放国家，推行节能战略将是助力实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的重要手段。本文分析了国内外能源消费的现状和特点，研判了我国能源消费的发展趋势，阐述了节能措施对能源发展路径的关键作用，以此厘清我国的节能潜力；基于投入产出法，建立了包括高耗能工业、交通业、建筑业在内的节能潜力评估模型，估算了现有政策场景、强化节能措施场景下我国总体能源消费量和节能潜力情况。在节能场景下，我国的能源消费总量将有效减少，可助力碳排放提前达峰。推进产业结构调整和产能更新，加快能源结构转型，突破革命性绿色低碳能源技术，推广普及节能技术及工艺，降低高耗能产品需求，倡导绿色低碳理念和节能生活方式，是落实节能增效的关键措施。研究建议，持续推动能源消费强度和总量双控；促进高耗能、低附加值产业的转型升级；加强低碳节能技术宣传，加大技术创新支持力度；健全节能法律法规和标准体系；推动渐进式城市更新与无废化建设；强化节能教育并提升节能意识，充分发挥节能增效对碳减排的关键作用。

关键词：节能增效能源强度节能潜力分析能源结构产业重构

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Quantitative research of incentive effects of heat-metering policy on energy-saving behavior in Tianjin

Jihong LING,Haitao MA,HuiZhu YU,Jincheng XING

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 504-512 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0332-8

摘要： To promote energy efficiency and emission reduction, the Chinese government has invested large amounts of resources in heat-metering reform over the past decade. However, heat-metering, which can reduce energy consumption by 15% at least in developed countries, is still not well known in China. This paper quantitatively analyzed the arousal effect of heat-metering policy on occupancy behavior regarding energy saving utilizing statistics method based on measured data of heating energy consumption of approximately 20000 users from 2008 to 2012 in Tianjin. The statistical data showed significant difference on energy consumption between users based on metering and based on area. The energy-saving rate in the heating season increased significantly from 4.11% in 2008–2009 to 10.27% in 2011–2012 as the implement of the heat-metering policy. The difference in energy-saving according to various outdoor temperatures showed that the energy-saving of occupancy behavior was more significant in a warm season than in a cold season. It also showed that the impact of heat-metering policy would be more pronounced in generally insulated buildings (15.55%) than in better insulated units (6.45%). Besides, this paper proposed some feasible suggestions for the formulation and implementation of heat-metering policy in northern heating areas of China.

关键词： heat-metering occupancy behavior heating energy consumption policy

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Situation and measures of China’s CO

Jiankun HE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 353-361 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0564-0

摘要：

Global response to climate change has entered the phase of full implementation of the Paris Agreement. To control the global temperature rise below 2°C, all countries must make more efforts to reduce emission. China has combined its goal of emission reduction for combating climate change with its domestic sustainable development strategy to promote energy revolution and the transition of economic development to low-carbon patterns. Through reinforcing the commitment and action before 2020, the CO₂ intensity of GDP can decrease by more than 50% by 2020 compared with that of 2005, and the external commitment target of a 40%–45% decrease can be over fulfilled. Currently, under the new economic normal, China further strengthens the policy measure, vigorously saves energy, enhances energy use efficiency and the economic output benefit, and simultaneously develops new and renewable energy and accelerates energy structural decarbonization, so that the annual decrease rate of the CO₂ intensity of GDP keeps a high level of more than 4% and remains increasing. Thus, the decrease rate of the CO₂ intensity of GDP will exceed the GDP growth rate, and then CO₂ emission will peak around 2030. This will promote the fundamental turning of economic development mode, and lay a foundation for the establishment of a sustainable energy system with near-zero emissions and with new and renewable energy as the main body in the second half of this century. China implements the concept of green low-carbon development and accelerates the low carbon transition of energy and economy to achieve win-win results in economic growth and CO₂ emission mitigation, and these policies and actions will also provide experiences for many other developing countries. On the other hand, China will continue to play a positive and constructive leading role in the implementation of the Paris Agreement internationally, and promote the construction of new mechanisms of win-win cooperation, fairness and justice and common development for global climate governance. Moreover, China will make an effort to build a community of common destiny for mankind, promote pragmatic cooperation among countries, especially among developing countries, and take combating climate change as a new development opportunity for jointly moving toward climate-friendly low-carbon economic development path.

关键词： climate change the Paris Agreement energy revolution NDC (national determined contribution) goals